The classical approach

• Early theorist such as Taylor and Fayol are practicing managers who tend to reflect  upon their own personal experience of management to be applied universally to achieve organizational efficiency . 
• Their theories were concerned more about the structuring of work and organization rather than human motivation or oraganizational culture . 
• Very prescriptive - set out what managers must do to fulffill their leadership function 
• Focuses on efficinecy and includes : 

- Bureaucratic management relies on a rational set of structing guidelines , such as rules and procedures , hierarchy , and clear division of labor . 

- Scienctific management focuses on the "one best way " to do a job . 

- Administrative management emphasizes the flow of information in the operation of the organization